Improving Adherence to PrEP Though Real-Time Monitoring Paired with Personalized, Automated Text Interventions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP (brand name Truvada), is a once daily medication that reduces the chance of contracting HIV by more than 90% for those facing an elevated risk of HIV exposure. When starting PrEP, it takes at least seven days to reach high levels of protection and seven consecutive days to maintain protection. Unfortunately, many do not follow the guidelines for PrEP, leaving them vulnerable. Metro Wellness and Community Centers (Metro Wellness) provides comprehensive HIV services throughout Tampa Bay. Metro Wellness, with Mail-Meds Clinical Pharmacy (Mail-Meds), deployed a new technology, Nomi, to support patients in their journey of HIV prevention. Nomi accurately captures data through a connected prescription bottle to reveal how patients take their medications in real-time. Nomi translates data into actionable information for automatic patient interventions and engagement. Objective: To understand patients’ ability to adopt innovative technology to maintain adherence to the PrEP regimen. In addition, the study will determine if technology converts non adherent days to adherent through automated, personalized interventions. Methods: Patients enrolled in Nomi must be HIV negative, at high-risk for HIV infection, receiving PrEP for the first time through Metro Wellness, and have a cell phone with SMS capabilities. Patients receive their Truvada prescription in a connected bottle that measures the amount of medication taken by weight. The prescriptions are filled by Mail-Meds in clinic pharmacy. As patients take Truvada, the bottle sends data to Nomi. Nomi reviews the data and sends automatic text interventions and escalations based on the patient’s behavior. The texts sent are designed to be discrete to ensure patient privacy. Nomi also communicates with Metro Wellness staff. Staff receive escalations from Nomi to reach out the patents needing additional assistance. Results: The program is ongoing. All reported results are as of July 31, 2018. Forty-nine patients have been enrolled. Days on therapy range from 29 to 378. The average length of therapy is 107 days. Reasons for ending therapy include, patients changing prescribers, declining therapy, and side effects. A total of 1914 SMS text interventions have been sent. Patients need an intervention 24% of the time and convert 48% (n=917) of the time. Additionally, 45% of conversions (n=412) occurred within 1 hour of the intervention. Ninety percent (n=44) of the patients responded directly to Nomi at least once. A total of 564 total responses have been received. Each patient has sent an average of 13 responses. Conclusions: Patients had no perceived barriers to adopting Nomi. In fact, patients enjoy participating and interact frequently through responses. Personalized interventions, based on real-time data, quickly change patient behavior from what would have been a missed day, to a correct day. Metro Wellness integrated Nomi and medication adherence into the daily lives of their patients, through a direct communication channel. By using Nomi, Metro Wellness staff is able to connect with their patients more frequently, building stronger relationships, which has improved adherence in order to prevent HIV infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".