Religious Occupations in the Holy City of Jerusalem in the 18th Century A.D. and Their Role in the Social Life (1112-1214H) (1700-1800 A.D.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study shows the types of religious jobs in the city of Jerusalem in the eighteenth century AD; whether they were religious scientific jobs such as the judiciary, religious advisory (Mufti) and elocution, or religious social jobs such as syndicate of supervision, or religious administrative jobs such as the chiefdom of Haram, Imamate, the presidency of muezzins, or social educational jobs and the most important one was reading of the Quran, the Quran interpretation and preaching. For analyzing data qualitatively, the researcher used two sources; records and historical books The current study also reveals that most of these jobs were inherited among the Jerusalem families, which led to social influence of these families inside or outside Jerusalem. This study is significant due to the lack of studies on Jerusalem in the eighteenth century. Most studies did not give a complete picture about the attitudes of people in Jerusalem. In addition, Jerusalem currently exposed to global attempts to deny the historical and religious rights of Jerusalemites in Jerusalem, and erased the Arabic Islamic identity of Jerusalem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".