The Relationship of Servant Leadership in the Classroom and Student Perceptions of University Quality of Instruction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, we examined students' perceptions of certain servant leader behaviors exhibited by faculty and the associated perception of effective university instruction. Five servant leadership dimensions were considered: altruistic calling, emotional healing, wisdom, persuasive mapping, and organizational stewardship. Students in the United States who were in undergraduate or graduate programs or had completed a program within the last month were invited to complete the survey instrument based on the Servant Leadership Questionnaire developed by Barbuto and Wheeler [1] and the University of Winnipeg’s Quality of University Instruction Questionnaire (UW-QUIQ) developed by Clark [4]. We used a structural equation model and found there was a positive relationship with professors exhibiting servant leadership dimensions and quality of instruction. Business professors in this study exhibited lower servant-leadership attributes in some areas and lower levels of effective university instruction than their counterparts, mandating the need for change. We suggest that these results provide insight into improving business school instruction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".