Piezoelectric cellular polymer films: Fabrication, properties and applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Piezoelectricity can be defined as the ability of certain materials to provide mechanical–electrical energy conversion. In addition to traditional ferroelectric polymers (such as polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF) and ceramics (such as lead zirconate titanate, PZT), charged polymer film foams have also shown important piezoelectric activity. In fact, when cellular polymers are exposed to high electrical fields, positive and negative charges are created on the opposite faces of each cell surface. As a result, charged cellular polymers can exhibit ferroelectric-like behavior and may therefore be called ferroelectrets. The piezoelectric effect of these materials is known to be affected by several parameters such as the cellular structure (cell density, shape and size), relative density and elastic stiffness. However, a careful morphology control is mandatory to optimize the piezoelectric response. Ferroelectrets have recently received a great deal of academic and industrial interest due to their wide range of technological applications associated with high piezoelectric constants, low cost, flexibility and low weight. In this paper, an overview of different piezoelectric cellular polymers is presented with recent developments and applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".