Abstract 24: Graphene Oxide Containing Thermosensitive Hydrogel Improves the Survival of Transplanted Stem Cells in Ischemic Myocardium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has the potential to preserve cardiac function and prevent heart failure following a myocardial infarction (MI). However, in our recent studies, long term survival of transplanted stem cells was not detected, which was associated with deterioration of cardiac function. Therefore, strategies to enhance survival of transplanted cells would preserve the benefits of MSCs therapy for heart repair. Recently, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets are being widely investigated for their ability to promote adherence and homing of transplanted MSCs to the extra cellular matrix in the heart. However, the presence of reactive oxygen functional groups (-OH, -COOH) in the structure of GO increases oxidative stress and activate apoptotic pathways in MSCs, which impairs the benefits of GO based biomaterials. Therefore, to nullify these side effects of GO, we synthesized a novel thermosensitive hydrogel by conjugating GO with chitosan (CS). Our Fourier transformed infrared spectrum (FTIR) analysis revealed an interaction between the oxygen functional groups of GO and amino (-NH2) groups of chitosan. Our data also demonstrate that CS masked the reactive functional groups of GO and prevented GO mediated ROS induction. This novel chitosan-graphene oxide (CS-GO) composite exhibited optimal porosity for cell conjugation and retention. Furthermore, this novel biomaterial was cyto-compatible as it exerted negligible toxicity to encapsulated MSCs. Upon exposure to hypoxic/ischemic environment, we observed a significant increase in apoptosis in MSCs as evidenced by an increase in the Bax/Bcl-xl ratio and caspase 3 activation. However, conjugation of MSCs to CS-GO polymer prevented hypoxia induced apoptosis. Therefore, coupling of GO with chitosan prevented GO mediated oxidative stress and downregulated hypoxia induced apoptosis of MSCs. Therefore, the outcome of this study will provide a novel delivery system for MSCs to the heart and improve their long term survival in the infarcted heart.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".