Documenting the elimination of measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in Ontario: 2009–12
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Under the guidance of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), countries of the Americas are currently documenting the elimination of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes Ontario's progress in documenting the elimination of these conditions between 2009 and 2012. METHODS: All possible case classifications, including those that did not meet surveillance case definitions, were extracted from the provincial reportable disease database, the integrated Public Health Information System (iPHIS). Data were analyzed against select criteria specified by the PAHO, specifically with respect to epidemiology, vaccination coverage, and the quality of the surveillance system. RESULTS: There were no known endemic cases of measles, rubella or congenital rubella syndrome reported in Ontario during the study period. Cases were predominantly the result of importation, as these diseases remain endemic in many countries. A total of 27 confirmed cases of measles were reported over the four-year period, most of which could be verified as being directly or indirectly linked with travel outside Canada. In addition, five confirmed cases of rubella and one case of imported congenital rubella syndrome were identified. A review of immunization coverage and surveillance data quality identified gaps. The combined annual rates of suspected measles and rubella cases (between 0.7 and 1.1 cases per 100,000 population) and suspected congenital rubella syndrome cases (0.21 to 0.49 cases per 10,000 live births) were below PAHO's thresholds. Also, the frequent absence of immunization and travel histories within iPHIS was of concern (77.3% and 44.6% respectively). CONCLUSION: These results support Ontario's sustained elimination status. However, in order to satisfactorily meet PAHO's requirements for documenting the elimination of these diseases, continued vigilance is required. Efforts are currently under way within Ontario to improve reporting.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".