Energy Efficiency Analysis of Centralized-Synchronous LoRa-based MAC Protocols
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
LoRa is a PHY layer technology that has been gaining popularity with IoT platfrom developers, due to its low-power long-range communication. As a result, different classes of LoRabased MAC layer protocols have been proposed, with the key ones being either contention-based or centralized-synchronous. Since most of the research literature focused on analyzing the efficiency of contention-based LoRa protocols, we sought to study the efficiency of centralized-synchronous protocols. We utilized a tailored simulator to analyze the energy efficiency of LoRa-based centralized-synchronous protocols. Our findings, are backed up by hardware performance measurements. After comparing the energy efficiency of the centralized-synchronous protocols against that of other LoRa-based MAC layer protocol classes, we found that the lifetime of a device using a centralized-synchronous protocol was up to four times longer than that of a contentionbased device. These findings, as well as our insights, will aid the development of future energy-efficient LoRa-based MAC protocols.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it