An Implementation of Solar PV Array Based Multifunctional EV Charger
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a solar PV (Photo-voltaic) array based EV (Electric Vehicle) charger is proposed, which has a bi-directional flow of active and reactive powers. The proposed charger uses a solar PV array energy to charge the EV battery and to feed the grid with the remaining power. In this charger, the VSC (Voltage Source Converter) does the task of harnessing the maximum power from the solar PV array. At the time of high cost of energy, the charger has the provision to inject the battery energy into the grid to earn revenue. In addition to the active power exchange with the grid, the proposed charger also exchanges the reactive power with the grid, simultaneously. In all operating modes, the THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) of the grid current remains within the IEEE 519 standard. The proposed charger is designed for a single phase 230V, 50Hz supply and is experimentally validated in the laboratory.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".