High-Frequency Over-the-Horizon Radar in Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over-the-horizon radars (OTHRs) have recently been making a comeback in Canada. As the need for accurate long-range tracking becomes more important, less-expensive ground-based radars are once again being considered for more effective long-range surveillance of Canadian airspace. Ray tracing is a powerful tool and is, especially, useful in applications requiring a detailed knowledge of radio wave propagation through the ionosphere. In this letter, new methods are developed to determine the feasible radar parameters such as operating frequencies, elevation angles, and absorption for OTHR operation using a 3-D ray tracing technique and up-to-date ionospheric, magnetic, and absorption models. The results of these simulations can be used for frequency monitoring systems and other OTHR applications in Canada.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it