Delivery of paclitaxel and cetuximab by nanodiamond enhances mitotic catastrophe and tumor inhibition in colorectal cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nanomaterials provide the opportunities to improve the efficacies for cancer therapy. Nanodiamond (ND) is a promising carbon nanomaterial developed for novel cancer treatment. Here, we show ND‐carried paclitaxel (PTX), a mitotic blocker, and cetuximab (Cet) (a specific EGFR antibody) that enhances mitotic catastrophe and tumor inhibition in human colorectal cancer (CRC). ND‐PTX induced the mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in a variety of human CRC cell lines; in contrast, ND alone did not induce cell death. ND‐PTX blocked the mitotic progression, caused abnormal chromosomes separation and subsequently induced the caspase‐3 activation and PARP protein cleavage for apoptosis induction. ND‐PTX inhibited the xenografted human CRC tumors in nude mice. Furthermore, ND‐PTX‐Cet enhanced the cellular uptake ability and apoptosis induction and tumor growth inhibition in the EGFR‐expressed colorectal cancer cells. The mitotic marker of phospho‐histone H3 proteins was highly elicited by ND‐PTX‐Cet in CRC tissues. These results demonstrate that ND is a promising nanocarrier of PTX and Cet for developing novel CRC therapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".