Integrated model predictive and torque vectoring control for path tracking of 4‐wheel‐driven autonomous vehicles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, an integrated path tracking control framework is proposed for the independent‐driven autonomous electric vehicles. The proposed control scheme includes three parts: the non‐linear model predictive path tracking controller, the lateral stability controller, and the optimal torque vectoring controller. Firstly, the upper bound speed limit is regulated based on the known curvature and adhesion coefficient of the road to prevent the tyre saturation. The model predictive controller generates the steering angle and the desired longitudinal force for path tracking. Simultaneously, the lateral stability controller calculates the desired yaw moment to balance the vehicle stability and motility under different situations. Finally, the optimal torque vectoring controller distributes the wheel torques to generate the desired longitudinal force and yaw moment. Three test cases are designed and verified based on a Carsim/Simulink platform to evaluate the control performance. The test results illustrate that the proposed control framework has satisfactory path tracking performance, and the desired balance between vehicle mobility and stability is achieved under different road conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".