Personalized Recommendation Considering Secondary Implicit Feedback
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In e-commerce, recommendation is an essential feature to provide users with potentially interesting items to purchase. However, people are often faced with an unpleasant situation, where the recommended items are simply the ones similar to what they have purchased previously. One of the main reasons is that existing recommender systems in e-commerce mainly utilize primary implicit feedback (i.e., purchase history) for recommendation. Little attention has been paid to secondary implicit feedback (e.g., viewing items, adding items to shopping cart, adding items to favorite list, etc), which captures users' potential interests that may not be reflected in their purchase history. We therefore propose a personalized recommendation approach to combine the primary and secondary implicit feedback to generate the recommendation list, which is optimized towards a Bayesian objective criterion for personalized ranking. Experiments with a large-scale real-world e-commerce dataset show that the proposed approach presents a superior performance in comparison with the state-of-the-art baselines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".