Secular Transport during Disk Dispersal: The Case of Kepler-419
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Due to fortuitous circumstances, the two giant planets around Kepler-419 have well characterized three-dimensional orbits. They are nearly coplanar to each other; the inner one has a large eccentricity (≃0.82); and the apses of the two orbits librate around anti-alignment. Such a state defies available proposals for large eccentricities. We argue that it is instead uniquely produced by a decaying protoplanetary disk. When the disk was massive, its precessional effect on the planets forced the two apses to center around an anti-aligned state. And as the disk is gradually eroded, the pair of planets are adiabatically transported to a new state where most of the eccentricity (or rather, the angular momentum deficit) is transferred to the inner planet, and the two apses are largely anti-aligned. During this transport, any initial mutual inclination may be reduced or enhanced; either may be compatible with the current constraints. So a primordial disk can drive up planet eccentricities both in resonant planet pairs (as has been shown for GJ 876) and in secularly-interacting, non-resonant pairs. The mechanism discussed here may be relevant for forming hot Jupiters and for explaining the observed eccentricities of warm and cold giant planets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".