Accelerated Ageing of Alkali Treated Olive Husk Flour Reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposites: Physico-Mechanical Properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, olive husk flour was added to poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to produce fully biosourced and biodegradable composites. In particular, untreated and alkali treated particles were used to produce the biocomposites at 20 wt.% via melt extrusion followed by injection moulding. The samples were then subjected to accelerated ageing (UV irradiation and water spray at 50°C) for different amounts of time (120, 240, 360 and 480 h). The results show that accelerated ageing decreased the tensile strength (TS) and Young's modulus (YM) for both untreated and alkali treated biocomposites, but the treated particles presented a lower reduction. Further comparison was made via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to detect any changes in the samples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".