The Impacts of Recreation Programs on the Mental Health of Postsecondary Students in North America: An Integrative Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mental health of university students has become a recognized concern and lifestyle factors, including recreation, can play an integral role in maintaining positive mental health. The objective of this integrative review was to consolidate our understanding of the efficacy of post-secondary institution-based recreation programs developed with the purpose of supporting students’ mental health. Inclusion criteria included non-clinical populations of undergraduate students and North American studies (2005 to 2016) that used valid approaches to measure changes in mental health. Twenty-one studies met our inclusion criteria and were critically appraised. Results indicate recreation programs that emphasize Mindfulness, meditation, Tai Chi, yoga, exercise, and animal therapy may reduce perceived stress, anxiety, depression and negative mood. Future research should consider the effect of interventions on sex and gender categories and measure more mental health outcomes, in particular social outcomes, against a broader definition of recreation activities (e.g., arts).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".