Bibliographic record
Abstract
Le présent article retrace la vie d’une véritable « chaise ours » fabriquée à partir des corps de deux grizzlis de Californie, par l’ébéniste autodidacte Seth Kinman (1815–1888) du comté californien de Humboldt, et offerte en cadeau au président Andrew Johnson en 1865. En tirant sur un cordon, cette chaise s’animait en claquant ses mâchoires au pied de la personne assise. Elle jouait sur le caractère féroce de l’espèce, qu’on classa en 1815 ursus horribilis californicus, « ours terrifiant de Californie ». Cette appellation servit à justifier la destruction de l’espèce, qui s’éteignit en 1920, tout en la transformant en symbole de la Californie. Au cours de son existence, la chaise, qui passa de la collection privée du président à la foire mondiale de Chicago en 1893, refléta les changements d’attitudes de la fin du XIXe siècle, face aux pratiques de chasse et à l’utilisation des animaux.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".