Significant variability in surgeons’ preferred correction maneuvers and instrumentation strategies when planning adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increased implant number is thought to provide better control on the scoliotic spine, but there is limited scientific evidence of improved deformity correction and surgical outcomes with high-density constructs. The objective is to assess key anchor points used by experienced spinal deformity surgeons and to evaluate the effect of implant density pattern on correction techniques. Seventeen experienced spine surgeons reviewed five Lenke 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis cases and provided their preferred posterior correction technique (implant pattern, correction maneuvers, and implants used for their execution) and an alternative technique with the minimal implant density they felt would be acceptable (170 surgical plans total). Additionally, for each case, they selected acceptable screw patterns for surgery from seven published implant configurations. Variability in the surgeons’ plans was assessed, including instrumentation and correction strategies. The preferred correction plan involved an average of 1.65 implants/vertebra, with 88% of the available anchor points at the apex ± 1 vertebra used for the execution of correction maneuvers and only 43% of possible anchor points used proximal and distal to the apical area. The minimal density that surgeons found acceptable was 1.24 implants/vertebra. The minimal density plan involved more in situ rod contouring (53 vs. 41%), fewer vertebral derotation maneuvers (82 vs. 96%), and fewer implants used for compression/distraction maneuvers (1.18 and 1.42 respectively) ( p < 0.05). Implant placement at alternate levels or dropout of convex implants above and below the apical area was most frequently considered acceptable (> 70% agreement). Implant position and number affect surgeons correction maneuvers selection. For low implant density constructs, dropout in the convexity and particularly in the periapical region is accepted by surgeons, with minor influence on planned correction maneuvers. Thus, preoperative implant planning must take into account which anchor points are needed for desired correction maneuvers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".