Plate fixation through an anterior approach for coronoid process fractures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Coronoid process fractures of the ulna are difficult to treat, and are associated with stiffness, recurrent instability, and pain. Hence, treatment of coronoid process fractures are challenging for surgeons. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical outcomes of an anterior surgical approach associated with plate fixation for Regan and Morrey type II or type III fractures of the coronoid process.We evaluated 16 consecutive patients who underwent surgical treatment for fracture of the coronoid process of the ulna from March 2012 to July 2016. Ten patients had a type II fracture, and 6 patients had a type III fracture. All patients underwent surgical treatment for coronoid process fracture through an anterior approach. While preserving the neurovascular structure, all fractures were treated with buttress plate fixation, maintaining the gap between brachial artery and median nerve. Each patient was treated with concentric reduction of both the ulnotrochlear and the radiocapitellar articulations, without any evidence of elbow instability, except 1 case, who showed some medial instability.At the final follow-up, solid osseous union was confirmed for all coronoid fractures. The average time to radiologic union was 16.3 weeks. The mean flexion-extension arc was 124.25 ± 12.12 degree, with a mean flexion contracture of 8.25 ± 4.36 degree, and further flexion of 132.5 ± 9.31 degree. The mean forearm rotation arc was 167.81 ± 10.49 degree. Fifteen patients achieved a functional arc of motion. The mean Mayo elbow performance score was 92.1 points, with 12 excellent cases and 4 good cases.Coronoid process fractures of the ulna can be treated successfully with plate fixation through an anterior surgical approach, which allows for accurate reduction and rigid internal fixation and early functional exercise, resulting in a reasonable outcome.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".