Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Fungi of Urena lobata L. Cultivated in Amazon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fiber of Urena lobata L. (Caesar weed or Malva) has been produced from plants cultivated in floodplain areas of Brazilian Amazonas state since 1970s. Plants must be harvested before flooding and because of such a short cultivation season plants never reach fructification. Thus, local farmers depend on acquiring seeds collected in areas of spontaneous occurrence in drylands to sow their crop fields each year. This scenario might change, as this species is gaining socioeconomic important and there is interest in the development of cropping systems for seed production on a commercial scale. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of endophytic fungi in U. lobata, evaluating the influence of the plant organ (leaf and seed) and farming site (two experimental fields of seed production: Manaus and Anori municipalities), once endophytic interaction can be beneficial or become harmful to the plants. The frequency and degree of colonization, Shannon-Weaver and Simpson diversity and Pielou uniformity indexes and the dominance component curve were calculated. The occurring genus were: Phomopsis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Pestalotiopsis, Curvularia and Cochliobolus. The greatest diversity and richness of fungi was found in Manaus site with high colonization present in the leaves. The genus Curvularia and Fusarium presented preference for seeds while Colletotrichum was more frequent in leaves. The similarity was greater between plant organs than between the farming sites, which indicates that the coevolution of these fungi and its host has resulted in a balanced mutual or antagonistic interaction (Crane & Acuna, 1945; Souza, 2012).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".