Mechanical and chemical stability of super-hydrophobic coatings on SMA490BW substrate prepared by HVOF spraying
Bibliographic record
Abstract
SMA490BW weathering steel is an important engineering material employed in the bogies of high-speed train. However, the bogies are also subject to ice accumulation, corrosion, sand abrasive, and heterogeneous wear or other hazard. In this paper, the superhydrophobic (SH) surface on SMA490BW steel is fabricated by using High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) spraying technology and low surface energy modification. Self-cleaning effect, hydrophobic durability, wear resistance, the weather resistance, PH stability and electrochemical properties were discussed. The results showed that the as prepared coating possesses CA of 154.3 ± 3° and sliding angle of 4.1 ± 0.1°. The CA has no obvious fluctuations after immersing in water for different time and at PH in the range of 1 to 7. The CA is still above 150° after abrasion for 2400 mm. The SH coating possesses higher E corr and lower I corr compared with SMA490BW substrate and HVOF WC-12Co coating. The SH coating has a long-term water repellency towards environmental conditions during weathering. The SH coating possesses excellent mechanical and chemical stability, which is benefit for applying this coating on the high-speed train bogies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".