PM and PAHs emissions of ship auxiliary engine fuelled with waste cooking oil biodiesel and marine gas oil
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clean fuels are recommended for ships at berth to reduce air pollutant emissions. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel application on board with regard to particle matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions. An experiment was conducted on a marine auxiliary engine for three different fuels: WCO biodiesel, formulation blends with marine gas oil (MGO) and neat MGO. Results revealed that WCO biodiesel could reduce PM and PAHs emissions. WCO exhaust also exhibited differences in PAH profile and phase distribution as compared to MGO, depending on the operation modes and the proportion of biodiesel in the formulation blends. Consequently, WCO biodiesel could dramatically reduce the total carcinogenic potencies related to PAHs of exhausts. Moreover, PAH source recognition pair ratios of tested fuels were observed to deviate from the widely accepted values. This study highlights that WCO biodiesel is a cleaner fuel for operating ship auxiliary engines with respect to PM and PAHs emissions and has the potential to moderate the severe effects of PM and PAHs on an air of coastal areas.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it