Nature and sexuality in De Planctu Naturae

The aim of this article is to examine the conceptualization of Nature in Alain of Lille’s   De Planctu Naturae , determining how the author construes the justification of the thesis that homosexual desire is contrary to nature and the implications that can be drawn from it concerning gender and sexuality in general. Given that Alain of Lille utilizes (at least) three metaphors to account for copulation, in order to represent it as paradigmatically heterosexual, this paper studies them in three respective sections (3-5). Furthermore, this research integrates an anonymous and contemporary text that addresses the aforementioned topics:  Altercatio Ganimedis et Helene. Sources Alanus ab Insulis, 1844-92,  De Planctu Naturae , en Migne, Jacques Paul (ed.),  Patrologia latina , Vol. 210, Paris, Garnier. Alain of Lille & Haring, Nikolaus (ed.), 1978,  De Planctu Naturae .  Studi Medievali 19, 2, pp. 797–879. Alain of Lille & Sheridan, James (ed.), 1980,  De planctu naturae , Toronto, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. Lenzen, Rolf, 1972, “ Altercatio Ganimedis et Helene : Kritische Edition mit Kommentar”,  Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 7, pp. 161-186. Bibliography Abbot, Elizabeth, 2001,  A History of Celibacy , United Kingdom, Redwood Books. Aquino, Santo Tomas de,  Summa Theologiae , disponible en el portal  Corpus Thomisticum , www.corpusthomisticum.org. Arias, Ricardo (comp.), 1970,  La poesia de los goliardos , Madrid, Gredos. Boswell, John, 1980,  Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality , Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Burgwinkle, William, 2004, Sodomy, Masculinity, and Law in Medieval Literature : France and England, 1050–1230 , Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press. Crompton, Louis, 2004,  Homosexuality and civilization , Cambridge, London, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press. 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Jordan, Mark, 1997,  The Invention of Sodomy in Christian Theology, Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Kuefler, Mathew, 2003, “Male friendship and the suspicion of sodomy in twelfth-century France”, en Farmer, Sharon & Pasternack, Carol (eds.),  Gender and Difference in the Middle Ages , Minneapolis, Minnesota University Press. Lange, Linda, 2003, “Woman is not a rational animal: On Aristotle’s biology of reproduction”, en Harding, Sandra & Hintikka, Merrill (eds.), Discovering Reality: Feminist Perspectives on Epistemology, Metaphysics, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science , Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Leupin, Alexandre, 1989,  Barbarolexis: Medieval Writing and Sexuality, traduccion K. Cooper , Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press. Mills, Robert, 2005,  Suspended animation: pain, pleasure and punishment in medieval culture, London, Reaktion Books. Mills, Robert, 2015,  Seeing Sodomy in the Middle Ages , Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Newman, Barbara, 2003, “Natura(II): Goddess of the Normative”, en  God and the Goddesses: Vision, Poetry, and Belief in the Middle Ages , Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press. Pittenger, Elizabeth, 2013, “Explicit Ink”, en Fradenburg, Louise & Freccero, Carla (eds.),  Premodern sexualities, London, Routledge. Rollo, David, 2011,  Kiss My Relics: Hermaphroditic Fictions of the Middle Ages , Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Rubio, Francisco, 1999, “Dos aportaciones relacionadas con la metafora gramatical en el  De planctu naturae de Alain de Lille”,  Faventia , 21/2, pp. 105-116 . Scanlon, Larry, 1995, “Unspeakable Pleasures: Alain de Lille, Sexual Regulation and the Priesthood of Genius”,  Romanic Review 86, 2, pp. 213–242. Schibanoff, Susan, 2001, “Sodomy’s mark. Alan of Lille, Jean de Meun and the medieval theory of authorship”, en Burger, Glen & Kruger, Steven (eds.),  Queering the Middle Ages, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press. Sylvester, Louise, 2008,  Medieval romance and the construction of heterosexuality , New York, Palgrave Macmillan. Westphal, Carl, 1870,  Die contrare Sexualempfindung (El sentimiento sexual contrario),  Archiv fur Psychiatrie , Berlin. Wetherbee, Winthrop, 2011, “Alan of Lille,  De planctu Naturae . The fall of nature and the survival of poetry”,  The Journal of Medieval Latin 21, pp. 223-251. Ziolkowski, Jan, 1985,  Alan of Lille's Grammar of Sex: The Meaning of Grammar to a Twelfth-Century Intellectual, Cambridge, Medieval Academy.

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