The Mormons and the Mounties: Contact and Assimilation in the Late Nineteenth Century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mormons practising plural marriage were heavily persecuted and prosecuted by the United States government starting in the late nineteenth century, causing hundreds of Mormons to flee their Utah homes and migrate either southward to Mexico or northward to Canada. One who barely escaped incarceration was Charles Ora Card, president of the Cache Valley Utah Stake, who presided over a region that included southern Idaho and northern Utah. When Mormon persecutions were at a peak in the late summer of 1886, LDS Church president John Taylor encouraged Card to travel northwest across the United States border to find a gathering place for Mormon families to settle in the southern portion of Alberta. Taylor, who had English roots and had lived for several years in Toronto, told Card, "I have always found justice under the British flag." (1) Author Brigham Y. Card, a descendant of Charles Ora Card, wrote, "Word had reached Cache Valley of the passage of the Edmunds-Tucker Act on 19 February 1887, which to Card 'meant plunder and persecution of the whole church.'" This Act stiffened the penalties, causing both the Church and the Perpetual Emigrating Fund to be disfranchised. (2) Federal officers intensified efforts to capture polygamists. Barely escaping incarceration following arrests, Card left Logan in disguise." (3)
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.032 | 0.021 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".