A mathematical model of the locomotion of bacteria near an inclined solid substrate: effects of different waveforms and rheological properties of couple-stress slime
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Morphological mutations in bacterial cell make them the most miscellaneous microscopic group. Their non-flagellated species known as gliding bacteria exhibit self-powered motion and leave an adhesive trail of slime. The self-propelled motion in some gliding bacteria is achieved as a result of backward surface wave in the cell envelope. Motivated by this fact, an undulating surface on a layer of couple-stress fluid is used to model the motion of such gliding bacteria. Five different wave profiles, namely, sawtooth, sinusoidal, triangular, trapezoidal, and square profiles are used to model the waveform of the undulating wave in the outer cell surface. The inclination of the surface is also integrated into the model. The flow equations are set up under the lubrication assumption. Stream function is derived as an elementary function of an organism’s speed, undulation amplitude, and couple-stress parameter with its flow rate. Speed of the glider and flow rate (satisfying equilibrium conditions) are computed by employing modified Newton–Raphson method. These refined values are further utilized to compute the power dissipation. Effects of different waveforms, inclination angle, gravitational and couple-stress parameters on the speed of the microorganism and rate of energy expended are also quantified. Slime velocity is also plotted for fixed glider. In addition, making use of the obtained realistic set of values of the organism’s speed, flow rate, occlusion parameter, and couple-stress parameter, streamline patterns of the slime are plotted and discussed in detail.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it