Pressure-driven filling of liquid metal in closed-end microchannels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We observe unsteady flow behavior of liquid metal during a pressure-driven injection process into a closed-ended polydimethylsiloxane microchannel. Constant pressure is applied at the inlet to allow eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) to completely fill the porous microchannels. In contrast to open channels [M. D. Dickey et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 18, 1097 (2008)], the flow exhibits a complex unsteady behavior with sudden random length jumps and time stops. However, with appropriate formulation of a suitable mathematical model with the system using (i) the permeability of polydimethylsiloxane to air, (ii) previous descriptions of the nature of the EGaIn surface oxide layer, and (iii) a key probabilistic approach, we show that the average quantities defining the quantumlike flow can be accurately predicted. The proposed probabilistic formulation provides for the first time a description of the dynamics of the surface oxide layer, the breaking and healing characteristic times when EGaIn is driven in a microchannel. Importantly, this work provides a better understanding of complex flow behavior and lays the foundation for future work.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".