INSECTICIDAL AND ANTIFEEDANT ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS FROM ALLIUM ROTUNDUM L.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The species of the genus Allium L., one of the largest genera of higher plants,occupying a significant place in the modern plant world, are of great interest bothfrom the theoretical and from the practical point of view. Plants of Allium spp.accumulate a large amount of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds (flavonoids andits glycosides, coumarins, anthocyanins, catechins), amino acids and organosulfurcompounds, such as allicin – a precursor for alkaloids and saponins formation.Secondary metabolites of Allium spp. have been successfully used during the pastfew decades in plants protection against pests and pathogens. We have earlierreported about high insecticidal and antifeedant properties of extracts from A.subhirsutum L., A. narcissiflorum Vill. and A. ramosum L. The highest insecticidalproperties against imago (20.0%) and larvae (60.0%) of Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidaea) were demonstrated by extract from aerial part of A.subhirsutum. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the insecticidal,antifeedant and repellent properties of A. rotundum L. extracts against variousspecies of insects. As a result, it was found that the ethanolic extracts from theaerial part possessed the moderate level (40.0%) of insecticidal properties againstthe larvae of the L. decemlineata and low – against the imago (6.7-13.3%).Moreover, the extracts of A. rotundum showed moderate level of insecticidal,antifeedant and repellent activity against the larvae of lepidopterans (cottonbudworm Helicoverpa armigera and wax moths Galleria mellonella).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".