Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Bipolar Membrane Fuel Cells: 3D Model Development and Effect of Gas Channel Width
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bipolar membrane fuel cells, which features a hybrid acid-alkaline membrane architecture, show great potential for practical applications because of their ability for self-humidification during operation. The principle of self-humidification behavior and associated transport mechanisms are reported in previous studies with reduced-dimension models. This paper reports on a three-dimensional model and new experimental data that further elucidate the mechanism of self-humidification, provide detailed characterization of the effects of design parameters on flow field and cell performance. The multidimensional-multiphysics model accounts for interface reaction kinetics, as well as transport of gas species, charged species and momentum. Simulations and quantitative analysis are performed for the cathode catalyst layer where water transport is critical for the electrochemical reaction therein. Three-dimensional model fully captures geometric features and gradients, and offers more comprehensive resolution of mass transport inside the cell. Based on the three-dimensional model, effects of channel width on cell performance are investigated both numerically and experimentally.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".