2-D Scanning Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna Array Fed by RGW Butler Matrix
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a 2-D scanning magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna array fed by printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW) Butler matrix is proposed. The ME dipole antenna is designed to achieve a bandwidth wider than 20% at 30 GHz and stable gain of 6.5 ± 0.8 dB over the operating frequency bandwidth. A 4 × 4 planar PRGW Butler matrix is designed and constructed using a four PRGW hybrid couplers having a wide bandwidth performance. The overall performance of the Butler matrix exhibits about 5° phase error over the operating frequency bandwidth. The integration of ME dipole antennas with the designed Butler matrix results in four fixed beams, one in each quadrant at an elevation angle of 35° from the broadside to the array axis. The proposed passive beam switching network (BSN) has a wide bandwidth of 20% with radiation efficiency higher than 84% over the operating bandwidth. The proposed BSN shows a stable radiation pattern with a stable gain of 10.3 ± 0.2 dB, where the sidelobe level is less than -15 dB over the whole operating frequency band. The fabricated prototype of the proposed BSN is tested, where the measured and simulated results show an excellent agreement.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it