Ultrafiltration for hemicelluloses recovery and purification from thermomechanical pulp mill process waters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Process waters of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) mills contain a large quantity of lignocellulosic materials that end up in the wastewater for biological treatment. The recovery of hemicellulose and lignin from these process water as value-added chemicals is beneficial for TMP mills because it reduces the organic loading to the wastewater treatment facility. The performance of three hydrophilic ultrafiltration (UF) membranes made of regenerated cellulose with different molecular weight cut-offs (5, 10, and 30 kDa) for hemicelluloses recovery and purification was evaluated in a laboratory-scale dead-end stirred cell filtration unit. The results of this study showed that 5 and 10 kDa membranes gave much better recovery and purity for hemicelluloses than 30 kDa membranes. The recovery of the hemicelluloses was above 95% for 5 kDa and around 89% for 10 kDa, with hemicellulose purity of approximately 75% and 80%, respectively. Cut-offs of 5 and 10 kDa seem to be operationally feasible for the separation of hemicelluloses, while 30 kDa cut-off membrane was unsuitable for hemicellulose recovery. An optimal cut-off of 10 kDa membrane gave the highest purity of hemicelluloses (80%).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".