Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter focuses on Wahhabism during the period of the first Saudi state, as this period provides us with the most influential sources of iconoclastic ideas. The teachings of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab and his disciples constitute the core part of current Salafi thought, appearing in a variety of mutated forms. The purpose of this chapter is twofold. First, it expounds on classical Wahhabi doctrine, as excerpted from early texts. Second, as Wahhabism, or indeed Hanbalism, were not the only strongly iconoclastic trends, this chapter also focuses on other influential movements, especially those of Yemeni, Syrian, Iraqi and Indian traditionalists, with Muhammad al-Shawkani, Ibn al-Amir al-San‘ani, Mahmud Shukri al-Alusi and Siddiq Hasan Khan in the forefront of developments. Finally, the chapter also provides a description of the two waves of destruction committed by Wahhabis after their conquest of the Hijaz, first in the early nineteenth century and then again in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".