Long-term tolerability, safety and efficacy of adjunctive perampanel in the open-label, dose-ascending Study 231 and extension Study 233 in Japanese patients with epilepsy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term tolerability, safety and efficacy of adjunctive perampanel in a Phase II, multicentre, open-label, dose-ascending Study 231 (NCT00849212) and its extension (Study 233; NCT00903786) in Japanese patients with refractory partial-onset seizures (POS), with/without secondarily generalised seizures. METHODS: In Study 231, patients received adjunctive perampanel ≤12 mg/day during a 10-week treatment period. Patients completing Study 231 could enter Study 233 (≤316-week treatment period). Assessments included monitoring of treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), median percent change in seizure frequency per 28 days, 50% responder and seizure-freedom rates. During Study 231, a pharmacokinetic analysis assessed the effects of enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs. RESULTS: Overall, 23/30 (76.7%) patients completed Study 231; 21/30 (70.0%) received perampanel ≥8 mg/day and 10/30 (33.3%) achieved a maximum tolerated dose of 12 mg/day. Median percent change in seizure frequency per 28 days was -35.0%. 50% responder rate was 37.0%; 4 (13.3%) patients achieved seizure freedom. Twenty-one patients entered Study 233. Mean duration of exposure was 195 weeks; 9 (42.9%) patients received perampanel for ≤208 weeks. Seizure control was sustained for 316 weeks in 3/21 (14.3%) patients; 2 achieved seizure freedom. Treatment-related TEAEs were tolerable; the most common was dizziness (Study 231, 53.3%; Study 233, 14.3%). Mean perampanel plasma concentrations were lower with concomitant carbamazepine vs non-inducers (152.7 ng/mL vs 389.4 ng/mL across perampanel groups); small patient numbers for non-inducers (n = 2) should be considered when interpreting these data. CONCLUSION: Adjunctive perampanel demonstrated a favourable safety profile and long-term tolerability in Japanese patients with refractory POS for ≤316 weeks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".