Equilibrium Viscosity and Disequilibrium Rheology of a high Magnesium Basalt from Piton De La Fournaise volcano, La Reunion, Indian Ocean, France
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lava flows are a common hazard at basaltic to intermediate volcanoes in general and have posed a significant threat to La Reunion Island specifically over the past centuries. In sustained flow units, the efficiency of lava transport away from the vent is dominated by cooling. For basaltic to intermediate lavas it is the ability of the lava to solidify during cooling which exerts a first-order control on the extent of flow. As a consequence, understanding the sub-liquidus rheology of lavas has become a key focus in lava flow research in the past decade. To date, a systematic understanding of lava rheology during emplacement conditions has been largely hampered by a lack of experimental data. Here we present new data on the rheological evolution of a crystalizing high Mg basalt from Piton de la Fournaise. Sub-liquidus experiments were performed at constant cooling rates of 0.5 to 5 K/min, to mimic conditions similar to those experienced by lava during flow on the surface and magma during dike and sill emplacement. The data show that the effective viscosity of the crystallizing suspension increases until reaching a specific sub-liquidus temperature, the so-called “rheological cut-off temperature” (Tcutoff), at which the lava effectively solidifies. This departure to high viscosity is a consequence of rapid crystallization and is found to be primarily controlled by the imposed cooling-rate. Based on our experimental data, we adapt the failure forecasting method (FFM), which is commonly used to describe the self-accelerating nature of seismic signals to forecast material failure, to predict the rheological cut-off temperature (Tcutoff). The data presented serve to expand the modest existing experimental database on non-equilibrium rheology of lavas as a step towards understanding the underlying process dynamics.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it