Multiply charged ion source based on high current short pulse vacuum arc
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In vacuum arc ion source, the ion charge states of the extracted beam were elevated by using high current and short pulse mode of arc. The beam of heavy metal ions of several microseconds duration with pulsed beam current of more than 100 mA and mean ion charge state of more than 10+ was generated. Measurements of ion mass-to-charge ratio of ion beam, and images of vacuum arc plasma within the ion source taken with nanosecond resolution prove that higher charge state ions are produced at characteristic distances of ∼10 mm from the cathode as the arc current peaks, and the process responsible for their generation is additional ionization as the discharge is pinched by its self-magnetic field. For bismuth ion beam, the maximum charge state reaches a value of 17+, which is a record-breaking for the vacuum arc ion source.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it