Characteristics of Modified Carioca Bean Starch upon Single and Dual Annealing, Heat‐Moisture‐Treatment, and Sonication
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carioca bean starch is isolated and modified by annealing (ANN), heat‐moisture‐treatment (HMT), and sonication (SNT), as well as combined dual modifications (ANN‐HMT, ANN‐SNT, HMT‐ANN, HMT‐SNT, SNT‐ANN, SNT‐HMT). Single and dual modifications did not cause molecular damage in starch fractions. Starch B‐type fraction in native Carioca bean increases after the ANN treatment. Dual ANN‐SNT modification (ANN‐SNT or SNT‐ANN) promotes a synergic behavior on crystallite collapse, causing a decrease in relative crystallinity. The ANN as the second treatment results in irregular surface morphologies and granule disintegration. The ANN‐SNT and SNT‐ANN modifications increase the pasting viscosity synergistically in contrast to individual SNT or ANN treatments. The HMT process promotes the disruption of crystallites upon the subsequent ANN treatment, confirmed by an increase in enthalpy (ΔH). The starch modification techniques reported here can provide new opportunities to utilize damaged and hard‐to‐cook Carioca beans in the food industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".