Effect of Welding Residual Stress on Stress Intensity Factors for Semi-Elliptical Surface Cracks in a Butt-Welded Steel Plate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The through-thickness distribution of welding residual stress in a 30-mm-thick butt-welded Q345qD steel plate has been investigated through experimental measurements and finite-element simulations. In this paper, the weight function and finite element methods are used to investigate the stress intensity factors (SIFs) at the surface and deepest points of the semi-elliptical surface cracks, subjected to a combination of external tensile load and through-thickness welding residual stress. Different crack aspect ratios and relative depths are analyzed. The results reveal that the longitudinal residual stress is always tensile through the plate thickness, which makes the SIFs of the surface and deepest points larger than those without considering the longitudinal residual stress. However, the transverse residual stress through the thickness presents tension–compression–tension, with the tensile transverse residual stress causing the SIFs to increase. When the crack tip enters the compressive stress region, the compressive stress offsets the external load and causes the SIFs to decrease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".