First Report of a Hepatozoon sp. (Apicomplexa: Adeleina: Hepatozoidae) from Midland Water Snake, Nerodia sipedon pleuralis (Ophidia: Colubridae), from Missouri
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intraerythrocytic hematozoans of the genus Hepatozoon (Miller, 1908) occur in the gamont stage in birds, mammals, and all groups of reptiles (Telford 2009). For example, one group of reptiles, the North American watersnakes of the genus Nerodia, are important hosts of a variety of these parasites (Gibbons and Dorcas 2004). The northern watersnake, Nerodia sipedon sipedon (Linnaeus, 1758) has been previously reported to harbor He. sipedon Smith, Desser, and Martin, 1994 from Ontario, Canada (Smith et al. 1994; Smith and Desser 1998). However, another widely ranging subspecies, the midland watersnake, N. s. pleuralis (Cope, 1892), has not previously been reported as a host nor has any snake, to our knowledge, been reported from Missouri with these hemoparasites. Here, we document, with photomicrographs and select measurements, the first report of a Hepatozoon sp. in N. s. pleuralis, as well as documentation, to our knowledge, from any ophidian host in Missouri. In addition, a summary of intraerythrocytic hematozoans of North American watersnakes and swampsnakes is provided.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".