The influence of changing dose rate patterns from inhaled beta-gamma emitting radionuclide on lung cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Dose and dose rate are both appropriate for estimating risk from internally deposited radioactive materials. We investigated the role of dose rate on lung cancer induction in Beagle dogs following a single inhalation of strontium-90 (90Sr), cerium-144 (144Ce), yttrium-91 (91Y), or yttrium-90 (90Y). As retention of the radionuclide is dependent on biological clearance and physical half-life a representative quantity to describe this complex changing dose rate is needed.Materials and methods: Data were obtained from Beagle dog experiments from the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute. The authors selected the dose rate at the effective half-life of each radionuclide (DRef).Results: Dogs exposed to DRef (1–100 Gy/day) died within the first year after exposure from acute lung disease. Dogs exposed at lower DRef (0.1–10 Gy/day) died of lung cancer. As DRef decreased further (<0.1 Gy/day 90Sr, <0.5 Gy/day 144Ce, <0.9 Gy/day 91Y, <8 Gy/day 90Y), survival and lung cancer frequency were not significantly different from control dogs.Conclusion: Radiation exposures resulting from inhalation of beta-gamma emitting radionuclides that decay at different rates based on their effective half-life, leading to different rates of decrease in dose rate and cumulative dose, is less effective in causing cancer than acute low linear energy transfer exposures of the lung.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".