The 'Green’ Premium in Israel: Measuring the Effects of Environmental Certification on Housing Prices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
‘Green’ building initiatives have led to the emergence of market-based policy approaches in a number of countries. Many of these have taken the form of environmental certification for buildings. A number of studies have examined the additional construction costs involved in achieving ‘green’ certification, and these studies suggest that they are relatively low, around 2% on average. Evidence is accumulating, however, that the "green premium" – or the extra cost that homebuyers pay to purchase a property in a certified green building – is systematically higher than this. This study aims to identify the nature and scale of the "green premium" in Israel, based on a novel comparative calculation method developed to examine how much ‘green’ building certification raises an apartment's price. We also examine how economically profitable it is to purchase a 'green' apartment for the homebuyer and for the Israeli economy overall. Finally, through a case study in Tel Aviv, we shed light on how the implementation of environmentally certified housing may lead to gentrification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".