Sustainable Urban Development and Land Use Management: Wa Municipality in Perspective, Ghana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Land use planning is one of the effective ways of achieving overall sustainable physical development especially, in urban areas. Various stakeholders in Ghana such as government agencies are therefore, responsible for the development and enforcement of national and local plans that specifies land areas for residential, industrial, transport and recreational facilities towards achieving sustainable development. Empirical literature within the Wa Municipality is not clear on weather enforcement and/or compliance pose as a challenge to sustainable urban development. The main objective of this study was therefore, to assess the physical development and land use planning guidelines in the Wa Municipality and analyse people compliance for sustainable land management. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 173 households in the Wa Municipality. Besides, heads of three institutions responsible for enforcing planning guidelines were interviewed. The results maintained that physical development planning guidelines are there to guide urban development in the Wa Municipality, but enforcement and effective compliance has been weak. Also, demographic and economic variables of the respondents as well as the lack of institutional capacity are the factors responsible for low levels of compliance. The non-compliance with planning guidelines contributes to haphazard physical development. This implies that the existence of clear planning guidelines is a necessary but not sufficient condition for sustainable urban land management. It is therefore, recommended that appropriate intervention through effective education for the general public as well as resource allocation to the enforcement institutions. This will facilitate the achievement of sustainable urban land management in the Wa Municipality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".