Examining the factors that affect the employment status of racialised immigrants: a study of Bangladeshi immigrants in Toronto, Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Analysing data from the 2006 Canadian census, the paper identifies various social characteristics that influence Bangladeshi immigrants’ employment status in Toronto, particularly their propensity to be self-employed and outside the paid labour force rather than paid employees. The analysis contributes to understanding why racialised immigrants take different paths to participating in the Canadian labour market. The results of regression analysis suggest that women are more likely to be out of the paid labour force and less likely to be self-employed or paid employees than their male counterparts. Young Bangladeshis with a university degree are least likely to withdraw from the paid labour force. Older Bangladeshis and those with longer length of residence in Canada are more likely to be self-employed. The likelihood of being out of the paid labour force increases as Bangladeshi immigrants age, and with less education and decreases for those with longer residence in Canada.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it