Growth and Anatomical Alterations in Leaves of Popcorn Induced by Abiotic Stresses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stress by salt and aluminum (Al+3) causes significant loss in the growth of popcorn. Effects on the initial growth, especially of leaves and stomata, are poorly investigated, while no information is available for some cultivars. This work aims at verifying the effect of stress caused by salt and Al+3 on the initial growth, morphometry, and morphology of popcorn stomata (IAC-125), as well as on its foliar anatomy. In the presence of 50 mM or higher concentrations of NaCl, popcorn seedlings showed a reduction of 50% in shoot mass gains as compared to the control. With 150 mM or higher concentrations, mass gains reduced by 33% in popcorn root system as compared to the control. Small increases in shoot length were observed in seedlings treated with Al+3.The root system was highly affected by 160 µM or higher Al+3 concentrations. Pore opening and stomatal subsidiary cell width were altered under both salt and Al+3 stress. Stomatal density changes were observed only under salt stress. Tissue disruptions and cell numberreductions were verified in the epidermis and parenchyma under high Al+3 and saltconcentrations. The largest xylem and phloem cells were preserved in all treatments. Stress resulted in dehydration of plant tissues, which showed retraction under high concentrations of salt and Al+3due to anatomical changes in the leaves and morphometry of the stomata. Our results demonstrated that these characteristics contributed to a remarkable tolerance to salinity and aluminum, since they have an important protective role against different environmental stresses.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".