Retrospective detection of<i>Brachyspira hampsonii</i>in archived colitis cases from western Canadian swine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mucohaemorrhagic diarrhea associated with Brachyspira hampsonii infection has emerged as a production-limiting disease in western Canada. This pathogen was first described in North America in 2010, and reports of its detection occurred concurrently in western Canada and the United States. Since that time, Brachyspira hampsonii has been detected in Europe, both in pigs and in waterfowl. The origin of B. hampsonii and the timing and reasons for its emergence are unknown. We conducted a retrospective study of historic, archived cases of porcine colitis to determine when B. hampsonii was first evident in western Canada. A total of 206 samples from 114 cases submitted from 57 different farms or productions systems in 1984 and 1999-2009 were screened using real-time PCR assays targeting B. hampsonii genomovars I and II, and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (the traditional agent of swine dysentery). In most cases, positive real-time PCR results were confirmed by amplification and sequencing of additional gene targets. A total of 9, 7 and 5 samples tested positive for B. hampsonii (I), B. hampsonii (II) or B. hyodysenteriae respectively. The results of this study push the date of first appearance of B. hampsonii in pigs in western Canada back to 2002 (B. hampsonii (I)) and 2006 (B. hampsonii (II)), which is up to 7 years before the new species were first identified in fresh samples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".