Hydrodynamics and Reaction Performances of Multiphase Reactors for Marine Applications – A Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Hydrodynamics and (catalytic & non-catalytic) reaction [high-pressure hydrodesulfurization; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; CO 2 -monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption; simultaneous CO 2 and H 2 S absorption in MEA; CO 2 thermal desorption, enzymatic CO 2 hydration] performances of trickle-bed and packed-bed column reactors subjected to static inclination, rolling (symmetrical/asymmetrical externally-generated reactor oscillations) and heaving motions were analyzed via detailed dynamic 3-D models which couple the macroscopic volume-averaged momentum, mass, energy and species balance equations in the liquid/gas phases with diffusion/chemical reaction inside the catalyst particles, enzyme washcoat or liquid film near the gas-liquid interface. Axial symmetry breakdown once the packed bed systems become inclined inflicts noticeable reductions of the reactor (or scrubber) performances. Only the performance of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in the presence of water-gas shift reaction increases slightly with the increase of trickle-bed reactor inclination because of facile uptake of reactants in the key reactions from the gas phase while a fraction of valuable CO can be forwarded in water gas-shift reaction. For most of the reactions examined, the reactor performance is negatively impacted in asymmetric oscillating multiphase reactors with Fischer-Tropsch synthesis as an exception owing to the presence of water-gas shift reaction the performance of which is slightly improved. This performance deterioration/enhancement is maximal for the reactor moving between vertical and an inclined position when the time-dependent performance waves develop around the steady-state solution of the mid-inclination angle. The oscillatory reactor performance moves towards the steady-state solution of the vertical state when the asymmetry between the two inclined positions dwindles. Symmetric oscillating and heaving trickle-bed and packed-bed column reactors generate an oscillatory performance around the steady-state solution of vertical state which is affected by the amplitude and period of the angular and heaving motions of the vessel.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".