Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: High school swimming in Alberta is characterized by an emphasis on participation and inclusion regardless of ability level or competitive aspirations. For many students, this is their first meaningful exposure to the sport. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of high school swimming programs as an avenue for increasing physical activity and sport commitment in less active adolescents. The following four areas were explored: the impact of high school swimming on participants’ physical activity levels, the relationship between sport commitment and physical activity, the determinants of sport commitment, and intentions for continued participation in swimming outside of high school. Methods: Forty-six participants were recruited from a high school swim team that was chosen for its stability, longevity, and success in attracting and retaining large numbers of swimmers. Participants’ physical activity levels were measured pre-season, mid-season, and post-season, using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (Kowalski, Crocker, and Kowalski, 1997). Mid-season, participants also completed a questionnaire measuring seven constructs from Scanlan, Carpenter, Schmidt, Simons, and Keeler’s (1993) Sport Commitment Model. Eight participants were also interviewed using the Scanlan Collaborative Interview Method (Scanlan, Russell, Wilson, & Scanlan, 2003). Results: Participants who were less active pre-season had significantly higher physical activity post-season. However, the relationship between sport commitment and mid-season or post-season physical activity was only significant for participants in Grade 12. Several constructs from the Sport Commitment Model were found to be important sources of commitment for these participants. Sport Enjoyment had the strongest positive relationship with commitment, followed by Valuable Opportunities and Personal Investments. Other Priorities had a significant negative relationship with commitment. After analysing interview data, Social Support, Desire to Excel, and Team Tradition were all determined to be important sources of strengthened commitment. The interview results also suggested that participants who joined the team without having any prior competitive swimming experience developed an appreciation for the sport and a desire to continue swimming outside of high school. Conclusions: High school swimming may have a positive impact on the physical activity levels of less active adolescents, and it certainly has potential for facilitating a long-lasting commitment to the sport of swimming. Other swim programs hoping to increase sport commitment in adolescents should recognize the importance of competent, caring coaches, encourage positive social interactions, provide opportunities for monetary investment, and foster team tradition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".