Sensory disturbances induced by sensorimotor conflicts are higher in complex regional pain syndrome and fibromyalgia compared to arthritis and healthy people, and positively relate to pain intensity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sensorimotor conflicts are well known to induce sensory disturbances. However, explanations as to why patients with chronic pain are more sensitive to sensorimotor conflicts remain elusive. The main objectives of this study were (a) to assess and compare the sensory disturbances induced by sensorimotor conflict in complex regional pain syndrome (n = 38), fibromyalgia (n = 36), arthritis (n = 34) as well as in healthy volunteers (HV) (n = 32); (b) to assess whether these disturbances were related to the intensity and duration of pain, or to other clinical variables assessed using questionnaires (abnormalities in sensory perception, depression and anxiety); and (c) to categorize different subgroups of conflict-induced sensory disturbances. METHODS: One hundred and forty participants performed in phase or anti-phase movements with their arms while viewing a reflection of one arm in a mirror (and the other arm obscured). They were asked to report changes in sensory disturbances using a questionnaire. RESULTS: First, results showed that patients with complex regional pain syndrome and fibromyalgia were more prone to report sensory disturbances than arthritis patients and HV in response to conflicts (small effect size). Second, conflict-induced sensory disturbances were correlated with pain intensity (large effect size) and abnormalities in sensory perception (only in the CRPS group) but were not related to the duration of the disease or psychological factors. Finally, we identified two distinct subgroups of conflict-induced sensory disturbances. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that pain lowers the threshold for the detection of sensorimotor conflicts, a phenomenon that could contribute to the maintenance of pain in clinical populations. SIGNIFICANCE: Individuals with complex regional pain syndrome and fibromyalgia were more sensitive to sensorimotor conflicts than arthritis patients and controls. Moreover, conflict-induced sensory disturbances were specific to higher pain intensity and higher sensory abnormalities in all groups, suggesting that pain lowers the threshold for the detection of sensorimotor conflicts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".