An Investigation of Willingness to Communication in ESL Classroom: A Quantitative Study of Elementary Students in Pakistan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates willingness to Communicate (WTC) in ESL classroom of elementary students of higher Secondary School Qazi Ahmed, Pakistan. This current study used close ended questionnaire, adopted from McCroskey (1992). The participants of the study belong to the higher Secondary School Qazi Ahmed. The current study has 300 participant from different grades like 100 learners from six grade, 100 from seven grades, and 100 participants belong to eight grades. These participants were all between11 year to 15 years of age. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 20 (statistical for social science) in order to find out the ratio and percentage of learners’ willingness to communication. The results revealed that a learner learns target language because he/she has to communicate with target community for different purposes. This study finds out the individual differences of learners’ willingness to communication (WTC) which is a basically free will for communication that promotes to the integrative motivation and some time, it prefers instrumental motivation to be used.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".