Airborne and underwater acoustic repertoire of hooded seals (<i>Cystophora cristata</i>): Cornerstone for acoustic monitoring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hooded seal is a migratory species inhabiting the North Atlantic. They whelp and breed during mid- to late March on pack ice near Jan Mayen Island, in the Davis Strait, off the northeastern Newfoundland coast, and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. After breeding, hooded seals return to the pack ice off eastern Greenland to moult during June and July, and then they disperse broadly for summer and fall before returning to their respective breeding areas. Passive acoustic monitoring conducted over spatial scales consistent with known and potential habitat of the hooded seal could add insight into seasonal, diel, and spatial occurrence patterns of this species. To better characterize its acoustic repertoire (notably underwater calls), airborne and underwater acoustic signals of hooded seals were recorded during their breeding season on the pack ice in the Gulf of St. Lawrence from 12 to 17 March 2018. Hood and septum noises were the predominant sounds heard from males on the ice surface. Hooded seal underwater acoustic repertoire is larger and more diverse than has been previously described. Using the dataset from an extended acoustic monitoring program along Canada’s East Coast, some clues are provided about the seasonal distribution of hooded seals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".