Measured variability of acoustic propagation loss in the Salish Sea, British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Salish Sea encompasses the waters between southern British Columbia mainland coast, Vancouver Island, and Washington State. Its waters are used by commercial and recreational fishers, host shipping traffic to the major ports of Vancouver and Seattle, and is travelled frequently by local ferries. It is also an important habitat for many marine mammal species, including the endangered Southern Resident Killer Whale (Orcinus orca). Southern Resident Killer Whales use calls, whistles, and clicks to communicate and find prey. Human activities on the water may affect the marine acoustic environment by masking whale vocalizations, which in turn will negatively impact the ability of the whales to forage and socialize. A field study was conducted to measure acoustic transmission loss at various places in the Salish Sea. Sound signals simulating killer whale call elements were broadcast from different angles to a calibrated hydrophone. Results from the study showed that acoustic transmission loss is highly spatially variable in this area. We suggest that these observations are due to changes in oceanography conditions and ambient sound levels, which are important factors to consider when assessing impact on Southern Resident Killer Whales. [Work supported by the Oceans Protection Plan of the Government of Canada.]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".