Decline in the Severity of Carotid Atherosclerosis and Associated Risk Factors From 2002 to 2014
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Several recent studies suggest declining rates of carotid revascularization for patients with carotid stenosis. We investigated whether carotid atherosclerosis severity has declined in recent years. Methods- We used carotid ultrasound to evaluate stenosis and plaque area in 6039 patients presenting to vascular medicine clinics in 3 eras: 2002 to 2005, 2006 to 2009, and 2010 to 2014. Results- The total plaque area at the time of referral to the clinics declined by 24% between 2002 and 2014; the percentage of patients presenting with carotid stenosis >60% declined by 29.9%, and the number presenting with >80% stenosis declined by 36.4%. There were significant reductions in plasma lipids and blood pressure during the same interval. Conclusions- Atherosclerosis severity seems to be declining over time. Better treatment of risk factors in the community may be responsible.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".