Mitigating peak pressure of storm geysering by orifice plates installed at the top of vent pipes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Large air pockets can be trapped in storm sewer systems during intense rain events. Uncontrolled release of these air pockets may cause geysering and pressure surges, resulting in flooding, pipe failures and safety issues. Thus, there is a great need to develop methods to retrofit existing sewer systems and to provide guidance on system design. A large-scale physical model was established to evaluate air-control orifice plates in reducing geysering intensity by utilizing air cushion effects over the process of air escape. Experimental results indicate that the magnitude of pressure fluctuations can be reduced significantly with partially open vent pipes. The maximum pressure head can be reduced by approximately two-thirds, and the magnitude of relative pressure oscillation decreased by about 95% when the diameter ratio of the air-control orifice to the vent pipe is below 25%. Air-water mixture jets can be avoided in such cases. The effect of using multiple vent pipes with orifice plates was also evaluated and found to be effective. Thus, air-control vent pipes can be applied to alleviate geysering and related pressure transients.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".